wing

机翼的基本构成为：翼肋、翼梁、前缘后缘、副翼、蒙板等。

The basic composition of a wing is: ribs, beams, leading and trailing edges, ailerons, masks, etc.

对激光雕刻机切割出的部件进行处理，主要是打磨碳层（由于激光高温灼烧木材而产生），打磨时要保持方向一致，用力均匀，然后将各部件用适量胶水拼接。之后用安特固等胶水将碳片粘接在打磨好的梁条上，进行贴梁步骤。其次按顺序将翼肋放置于处理好的翼梁上，参考前缘后缘进行定位（注意机翼整体的受力，边做边观察机翼的变形状况）。骨架搭建完成之后进行蒙板的粘接。副翼的制作与此类同。更后进行蒙皮，蒙皮就是在机翼外部包裹一层热缩薄膜，蒙皮的直接功用是形成流线型的机翼外表面。此外蒙皮还参与机翼的总体受力——它和翼梁或翼墙组合在一起，形成封闭的盒式薄壁结构承受机翼的扭矩。蒙蒙皮温度应在110°到115°之间，收紧蒙皮的温度应在130°到140°之间。

Firstly, the components cut by the laser engraving machine are processed, mainly by polishing the carbon layer (generated by laser high-temperature burning of wood). When polishing, the direction should be consistent, and the force should be uniform. Then, the various components are spliced with an appropriate amount of glue. Afterwards, use adhesive such as ANTEGU to bond the carbon sheet onto the polished beam strip and proceed with the beam bonding process. Next, place the wing ribs on the prepared wing beam in sequence and position them with reference to the leading and trailing edges (pay attention to the overall force on the wing and observe the deformation of the wing while doing so). After the skeleton construction is completed, the bonding of the mask is carried out. The production of ailerons is the same as this type. Finally, skin covering is to wrap a layer of heat shrinkable film on the outer surface of the wing. The direct function of the skin is to form a streamline outer surface of the wing. In addition, the skin also participates in the overall force of the wing - it is combined with the wing beam or wing wall to form a closed box shaped thin-walled structure that bears the torque of the wing. The temperature of the mask should be between 110 ° and 115 °, and the temperature for tightening the skin should be between 130 ° and 140 °.

机身

fuselage

机身类型众多，根据材料分为木材、EPP、EPA发泡这类的材料、KT泡沫板以及碳杆机身。

There are many types of fuselage, which can be divided into wood, EPP, EPA foam, KT foam board and carbon rod fuselage.

一般航模制作使用木板。将切割出来的机身部件上的碳层打磨干净，斜撑等细小零件也需要认真打磨。然后按照设计的位置用502胶水、安特固等进行粘合拼接，碳杆与碳杆之间还需用工程线或凯夫拉线缠绕加固。机身拼接过程中需要时时刻刻注意力度，防止机身变形，导致受力不均匀。

Generally, wooden boards are used for the production of aircraft models. Grind the carbon layer on the cut fuselage parts clean, and the small parts such as slant support also need to be carefully polished. Then use 502 glue, Antegu, etc. for bonding and splicing according to the designed position, and use engineering lines or Kev stay wires to wind and reinforce between carbon poles. During the splicing process of the fuselage, it is necessary to always pay attention to the strength to prevent deformation of the fuselage and uneven stress. Finally, perform skinning.

垂平尾

Vertical tail

垂平尾包括垂直安定面、方向舵、水平安定面、升降舵。

Vertical tail includes vertical stabilizer, rudder, horizontal stabilizer and elevator.

平尾一般呈水平状左右对称地布置在飞机尾部。其前半部通常是固定的，称为水平安定面。后半部铰接在安定面的后面，可操纵上下偏转，称为升降舵。垂直尾翼布置在飞机轴线上部，与平尾相同，垂尾翼面的前半部分通常是固定的，称垂直安定面。后半部分铰接在垂直安定面后部，可操纵偏转，称为方向舵。垂平尾制作过程与机翼的制作过程一致。

The flat tail is generally arranged horizontally and symmetrically at the rear of the aircraft. The front half is usually fixed and is called a horizontal stabilizer. The rear half is hinged behind the stabilizer, which can control up and down deflection, called elevator. The vertical tail is arranged above the aircraft axis and is the same as the flat tail. The front half of the vertical tail is usually fixed and is called the vertical stabilizer. The rear half is hinged to the rear of the vertical stabilizer and can be manipulated for deflection, known as the rudder. The production process of the vertical tail is consistent with that of the wing.

电子器材的安装以及飞机整体安装

Installation of electronic equipment and overall installation of aircraft

机头部位安装合适型号的电机（电动发动机）及螺旋桨，在左右两翼对称部位安装舵机并用连杆连接舵机以及副翼。垂平尾上各安装一个舵机，分别控制方向舵、升降舵。机身上电子器件需要与接收机、电子调速器进行连接。航模队使用的是日本手（右手油门)遥控器，各部位舵机需要延长线与接收器连接，关于连接方法我们平时有个小口诀“左一右六、二升降三油门四方向”，即左副翼舵机连接一号通道，右副翼舵机连接六号通道，以此类推。将飞机机翼、机身、垂平尾用插销连接成一个整体。之后连接电源进行一系列调试。

Install a suitable model of motor (electric engine) and propeller at the nose, and install a steering gear at the symmetrical parts of the left and right wings, connecting the steering gear and ailerons with connecting rods. A steering gear is installed on the vertical tail to control the rudder and elevator respectively. The electronic components on the body need to be connected to the receiver and electronic governor. The aircraft model team uses a Japanese hand (right-hand throttle) remote control, and each part of the servo needs an extension cable to connect to the receiver. We usually have a small formula for the connection method, which is "left one right six, two lifting three throttle four directions", that is, the left aileron servo is connected to channel 1, the right aileron servo is connected to channel 6, and so on. Connect the wings, fuselage, and vertical tail of the aircraft into a whole with bolts. Afterwards, connect the power supply for a series of debugging.

飞机制作看似步骤简单，操作便捷，实际上每架飞机制作方法都各有特点，上述仅仅是冰山一角，真正制作飞机会发现很多问题，这些问题需要一定的经验积累以及创新。

Aircraft production may seem simple and easy to operate, but in fact, each aircraft production method has its own characteristics. The above is just the tip of the iceberg. Real aircraft production will discover many problems, and solving these problems requires a certain amount of experience accumulation and innovation.